Some Common Operations using LINQ To XML - Part II
We will be using a sample file called ‘Employees.xml’ for our samples. The mark up will be as follows:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<Employees>
<Employee>
<EmpId>1</EmpId>
<Name>Sam</Name>
<Sex>Male</Sex>
<Phone Type="Home">423-555-0124</Phone>
<Phone Type="Work">424-555-0545</Phone>
<Address>
<Street>7A Cox Street</Street>
<City>Acampo</City>
<State>CA</State>
<Zip>95220</Zip>
<Country>USA</Country>
</Address>
</Employee>
<Employee>
<EmpId>2</EmpId>
<Name>Lucy</Name>
<Sex>Female</Sex>
<Phone Type="Home">143-555-0763</Phone>
<Phone Type="Work">434-555-0567</Phone>
<Address>
<Street>Jess Bay</Street>
<City>Alta</City>
<State>CA</State>
<Zip>95701</Zip>
<Country>USA</Country>
</Address>
</Employee>
<Employee>
<EmpId>3</EmpId>
<Name>Kate</Name>
<Sex>Female</Sex>
<Phone Type="Home">166-555-0231</Phone>
<Phone Type="Work">233-555-0442</Phone>
<Address>
<Street>23 Boxen Street</Street>
<City>Milford</City>
<State>CA</State>
<Zip>96121</Zip>
<Country>USA</Country>
</Address>
</Employee>
<Employee>
<EmpId>4</EmpId>
<Name>Chris</Name>
<Sex>Male</Sex>
<Phone Type="Home">564-555-0122</Phone>
<Phone Type="Work">442-555-0154</Phone>
<Address>
<Street>124 Kutbay</Street>
<City>Montara</City>
<State>CA</State>
<Zip>94037</Zip>
<Country>USA</Country>
</Address>
</Employee>
</Employees>
The application is a console application targeting .NET 3.5 framework. I have used query expressions instead of Lambda expression in these samples. It is just a matter of preference and you are free to use any of these. Use the following namespaces while testing the samples: System; System.Collections.Generic; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Xml; System.Xml.Linq; System.IO;
9. Create an XML Document with Xml Declaration/Namespace/Comments using LINQ to XML
When you need to create an XML document containing XML declaration, XML Document Type (DTD), Processing instructions, Comments, Namespaces; you should go in for the XDocument class.
C#
XNamespace empNM = "urn:lst-emp:emp";
XDocument xDoc = new XDocument(
new XDeclaration("1.0", "UTF-16", null),
new XElement(empNM + "Employees",
new XElement("Employee",
new XComment("Only 3 elements for demo purposes"),
new XElement("EmpId", "5"),
new XElement("Name", "Kimmy"),
new XElement("Sex", "Female")
)));
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
xDoc.Save(sw);
Console.WriteLine(sw);
VB.NET
Dim empNM As XNamespace = "urn:lst-emp:emp"
Dim xDoc As New XDocument(New XDeclaration("1.0", "UTF-16", Nothing), _
New XElement(empNM + "Employees", _
New XElement("Employee", _
New XComment("Only 3 elements for demo purposes"), _
New XElement("EmpId", "5"), _
New XElement("Name", "Kimmy"), _
New XElement("Sex", "Female"))))
Dim sw As New StringWriter()
xDoc.Save(sw)
Console.WriteLine(sw)
10. Save the XML Document to a XMLWriter or to the disk using LINQ to XML
Use the following code to save the XML to a XMLWriter or to your physical disk
C#
XNamespace empNM = "urn:lst-emp:emp";
XDocument xDoc = new XDocument(
new XDeclaration("1.0", "UTF-16", null),
new XElement(empNM + "Employees",
new XElement("Employee",
new XComment("Only 3 elements for demo purposes"),
new XElement("EmpId", "5"),
new XElement("Name", "Kimmy"),
new XElement("Sex", "Female")
)));
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
XmlWriter xWrite = XmlWriter.Create(sw);
xDoc.Save(xWrite);
xWrite.Close();
// Save to Disk
xDoc.Save("C:\\Something.xml");
Console.WriteLine("Saved");
VB.NET
Dim empNM As XNamespace = "urn:lst-emp:emp"
Dim xDoc As New XDocument(New XDeclaration("1.0", "UTF-16", Nothing),_
New XElement(empNM + "Employees", _
New XElement("Employee", _
New XComment("Only 3 elements for demo purposes"), _
New XElement("EmpId", "5"), _
New XElement("Name", "Kimmy"), _
New XElement("Sex", "Female"))))
Dim sw As New StringWriter()
Dim xWrite As XmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(sw)
xDoc.Save(xWrite)
xWrite.Close()
' Save to Disk
xDoc.Save("C:\Something.xml")
Console.WriteLine("Saved")
11. Load an XML Document using XML Reader using LINQ to XML
Use the following code to load the XML Document into an XML Reader
C#
XmlReader xRead = XmlReader.Create(@"..\\..\\Employees.xml");
XElement xEle = XElement.Load(xRead);
Console.WriteLine(xEle);
xRead.Close();
VB.NET
Dim xRead As XmlReader = XmlReader.Create("..\\..\\Employees.xml")
Dim xEle As XElement = XElement.Load(xRead)
Console.WriteLine(xEle)
xRead.Close()
12. Find Element at a Specific Position using LINQ to XML
Find the 2nd Employee Element
C#
// Using XElement
Console.WriteLine("Using XElement");
XElement xEle = XElement.Load("..\\..\\Employees.xml");
var emp = xEle.Descendants("Employee").ElementAt(1);
Console.WriteLine(emp);
Console.WriteLine("------------");
//// Using XDocument
Console.WriteLine("Using XDocument");
XDocument xDoc = XDocument.Load("..\\..\\Employees.xml");
var emp1 = xDoc.Descendants("Employee").ElementAt(2);
Console.WriteLine(emp);
VB.NET
' Using XElement
Console.WriteLine("Using XElement")
Dim xEle As XElement = XElement.Load("..\..\Employees.xml")
Dim emp = xEle.Descendants("Employee").ElementAt(1)
Console.WriteLine(emp)
Console.WriteLine("------------")
'// Using XDocument
Console.WriteLine("Using XDocument")
Dim xDoc As XDocument = XDocument.Load("..\..\Employees.xml")
Dim emp1 = xDoc.Descendants("Employee").ElementAt(2)
Console.WriteLine(emp)
13. List the First 2 Elements using LINQ to XML
List the details of the first 2 Employees
C#
XElement xEle = XElement.Load("..\\..\\Employees.xml");
var emps = xEle.Descendants("Employee").Take(2);
foreach (var emp in emps)
Console.WriteLine(emp);
VB.NET
Dim xEle As XElement = XElement.Load("..\..\Employees.xml")
Dim emps = xEle.Descendants("Employee").Take(2)
For Each emp In emps
Console.WriteLine(emp)
Next emp
14. List the 2nd and 3rd Element using LINQ to XML
List the 2nd and 3rd Employees
C#
XElement xEle = XElement.Load("..\\..\\Employees.xml");
var emps = xEle.Descendants("Employee").Skip(1).Take(2);
foreach (var emp in emps)
Console.WriteLine(emp);
VB.NET
Dim xEle As XElement = XElement.Load("..\..\Employees.xml")
Dim emps = xEle.Descendants("Employee").Skip(1).Take(2)
For Each emp In emps
Console.WriteLine(emp)
Next emp
15. List the Last 2 Elements using LINQ To XML
We have been posting the entire elements as output in our previous examples. Let us say that you want to display only the Employee Name, use this query:
C#
XElement xEle = XElement.Load("..\\..\\Employees.xml");
var emps = xEle.Descendants("Employee").Reverse().Take(2);
foreach (var emp in emps)
Console.WriteLine(emp.Element("EmpId") + "" + emp.Element("Name"));
VB.NET
Dim xEle As XElement = XElement.Load("..\..\Employees.xml")
Dim emps = xEle.Descendants("Employee").Reverse().Take(2)
For Each emp In emps
Console.WriteLine(emp.Element("EmpId") + emp.Element("Name"))
Next emp
To display only the values without the XML tags, use the ‘Value’ property
C#
XElement xEle = XElement.Load("..\\..\\Employees.xml");
var emps = xEle.Descendants("Employee").Reverse().Take(2);
foreach (var emp in emps)
Console.WriteLine(emp.Element("EmpId").Value + ". " + emp.Element("Name").Value);
VB.NET
Dim xEle As XElement = XElement.Load("..\..\Employees.xml")
Dim emps = xEle.Descendants("Employee").Reverse().Take(2)
For Each emp In emps
Console.WriteLine(emp.Element("EmpId").Value & ". " & emp.Element("Name").Value)
Next emp
If you notice, the results are not ordered i.e. the Employee 4 is printed before 3. To order the results, one of the ways is to call Reverse() again while filtering as shown below. Note that I have not tested performance while using this query on a large document. If I find any performance issues, I will update this section:
C#
XElement xEle = XElement.Load("..\\..\\Employees.xml");
var emps = xEle.Descendants("Employee").Reverse().Take(2).Reverse();
foreach (var emp in emps)
Console.WriteLine(emp.Element("EmpId").Value + ". " + emp.Element("Name").Value);
VB.NET
Dim xEle As XElement = XElement.Load("..\..\Employees.xml")
Dim emps = xEle.Descendants("Employee").Reverse().Take(2).Reverse()
For Each emp In emps
Console.WriteLine(emp.Element("EmpId").Value & ". " & emp.Element("Name").Value)
Next emp
16. Find the Element Count based on a condition using LINQ to XML
Count the number of Employees living in the state CA
C#
XElement xelement = XElement.Load("..\\..\\Employees.xml");
var stCnt = from address in xelement.Elements("Employee")
where (string)address.Element("Address").Element("State") == "CA"
select address;
Console.WriteLine("No of Employees living in CA State are {0}", stCnt.Count());
VB.NET
XElement xelement = XElement.Load("..\\..\\Employees.xml");
var stCnt = from address in xelement.Elements("Employee")
where (string)address.Element("Address").Element("State") == "CA"
select address;
Console.WriteLine("No of Employees living in CA State are {0}", stCnt.Count());
Well those were some 'more' commonly used 'How Do I' operations while using LINQ to XML. In the Part 3 of this series, we will see how to manipulate XML content and persist the changes. The entire source code of the article in C# and VB.NET can be downloaded over here. I hope you liked the article and I thank you for viewing it.
This article has been editorially reviewed by Suprotim Agarwal.
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